The Use Of Nonviolent Resistance By Martin Luther King Jr.

Same War, Different Tactics If someone were to slap you across your face what would you do? Would you turn your other cheek or would you return the slap back to them? The vast majority of people would not hesitate and quickly as possible slap the person back right before the person leaves. The point here is that there is more than one way we can react towards many situations. Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Greenwalt and readings about the Trump protest talk about the two possible ways people can act towards a political cause, violence or nonviolence. We, with the help of these readings, would look into both perspectives of each technique, their drawbacks benefits, and the circumstances in which they may or may not be justified. The†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, what makes it more effective and powerful than violence is the people’s ambition. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote in his article â€Å"Nonviolence and Racial Justice† that â€Å"this method is passiv e physically but strongly active spiritually; it is nonaggressive physically, but dynamically aggressive spiritually.† By this he means that the reason why nonviolent resister is stronger than a violent resister, is because their hearts and minds are strongly involved. By doing so, they build a strong character and determination in them. Not only that but their mindset is not in winning or humiliating their rival, but to get them to understand their perspective. You know like that saying, â€Å"put yourself in other people’s shoes†. Overall, nonviolence is a strategy that one can use and have the same effectiveness or better than violence. The second technique is violence resistance. Now violence is of course an option yet it has it’s downfalls. It’s first downfall, is that it only creates more violence. King said, â€Å" Violence solves no social problems it merely creates new and more complicated ones† (pg. 45). It’s like a fire. The more you feed it the more it grows and grows. So violence brings forth chaos and by doing so, it is a high probability that the people would lose their focal point. It may cause their own people to end up fighting one another. For instance in the trumpShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail812 Words   |  4 PagesMovement was Martin Luther King Jr. He fought for African American’s rights using nonviolent resistance; however, during a protest in Birmingham, Alabama, Dr. King was thrown into jail. While in his jail cell, Dr. King wrote a letter to clergymen from the Birmingham jail claiming his stance on peaceful confrontatio n on defending African American’s human rights. In his letter, Dr. King uses rhetorical devices to strengthen his argument in his letter to the clergymen. 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Historic Figure: Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is a legend whose life, ideas and actions had great influence in the civil rights movement and liberation of the oppressed in the US and the world. King was born on Saturday, JanuaryRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Transcendentalism1346 Words   |  6 PagesConcord and Merrimack Rivers and to see if it is possible to survive working one day and then devoting the other days to Transcendental issues. While in Walden Pond, he spent one night in jail due to an issue which was the subject of his essay â€Å"Resistance to Civil Government† which was later known as â€Å"Civil Disobedience†. Thoreau was a strong advocate or the abolitionist movement and wrote strongly on the slavery in Massachusetts. 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Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther Kin g Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectivesRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesdefine this momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives

Reflection 1 - 1109 Words

Reflection Paper Bachelor of Science in Psychology (crisis Counseling) THEOLOGY 104 I thought I knew a lot about being a Christian that lives for Christ but this class has proven me wrong. Theology 104 has given me a greater understanding of what it means to be a true Christian and most importantly studying God’s word. I will be addressing two topics that I feel are essential to Christian living, and they are love and worship. Christianity is built on love and we are called to give God all that we are. Love Theological Definition: The bible indicates that love is from God. It actually stated that â€Å"God is Love† (1John 4:8); therefore his nature is love, and everything he does flows from his love. God’s love is considered to be†¦show more content†¦160). We have to understand who God is, and what is expected of us in his word. Through the bible, we are able to know the truth and we can worship him in truth. Practical Application: Worship is powerful. I remember a few years ago lifting up my hands in worship during a church service; my mind was fixed on Him and I was not aware of my surroundings. My soul felt light and I felt at peace in my heart, after worshipping God. Worship can draw us closer to God. It centers us by directing our allegiance to God, by creating a connection with him. Worship from the soul is like electricity for our homes, and it empowers us. Conclusion: As a Christian I’ve felt and experienced the love of God. Who I am and where I am today is due to God’s amazing love. The last two years has being a challenge for me, due to numerous health issues; I am able to live each day with a smile on my face because I know that God loves me. When doubt and fear comes my way, all I have to do is give it to Jesus. And I feel strengthen when I worship God. Reference Zavada, J. What is Agape? Retrieved from http://christianity.about.com. New King James Version, Bible Gateway Website Achtemeie, P. 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Industrialization and Urbanization Essay Example For Students

Industrialization and Urbanization Essay At the bend of the century. Industrialization and Urbanization brought prosperity to Canada and Canadians by bettering and changing their supports for both positive and negative grounds. Harmonizing to the writers. Industrialization and urbanisation led to the growing of the economic system. development of the E. West and cardinal metropoliss. addition of rural to urban migration. the rise of the in-between category and the acknowledgment of adult females in the work force. Fiscal Investment through Bankss. foreign. authorities and private investors led to a encouragement in the Canadian economic system. ( Francis. Jones. Smith 132 ) . These investings accelerated industrialisation and urbanisation doing an inflow of big Bankss. commercial establishments and transit services in urban countries ( Francis. Jones. Smith 133 ) . These were the beginnings of big scale employment chances for Canadians. Harmonizing to the writers. Industrialization caused economic growing in E. West and cardinal Canada. In Nova Scotia. â€Å"businesspeople invested in steel merchandises to take advantage of the ness Breton coal fields† ( Francis. Jones. smith 138 ) and in British Columbia. â€Å"resourced based industries such as excavation. forestry. piscaries and agribusiness improved† . ( Francis. Jones. Smith 139 ) . The writers argue that Urbanization occurred at a rapid rate in the prairies due to the high demand for wheat which was the primary trade merchandise. Winnipeg for illustration was nicknamed â€Å"hub city† because it had legion rail manner links linking it to the E doing it a major heartland metropolis. The writers province that Ontario and Quebec became major heartlands by concentrating on little scale consumer goods that they supplied to the western and eastern parts of the state. The extended railroad system in southern Ontario alleviated the transit of resources such as lumber and minerals ( Francis. Jones. Smith 141 ) . The writers province that. mechanisation besides improved agriculture by increasing productiveness with the assistance of â€Å"labour-saving machines such as hay mowers. harvesters. thrashers and tractors† ( Francis. Jones. Smith 151 ) . These lowered the figure of older kids required to work in the farms. However. it can be argued that mechanisation caused the loss of occupation chances to Canadians in rural countries because homo and manual labor was replaced by machines that did twice every bit much work and functioned better. An illustration of this is the â€Å"iron chink† that replaced Asiatic workers ( Francis. Jones. Smith 139 ) . Due to Urbanization. a batch of Canadians were educated and trained in multiple trades harmonizing to the writers. Womans were educated in mill. clerical and teaching professions while the work forces worked in the mines and building. This immense measure towards female acknowledgment in the workplace was a large contrast from their old functions of place devising and taking attention of domestic jobs. As stated by the writers. adult females were finally allowed to pattern professional callings. An illustration of this is Emily Jennings Stowe who became the first female Canadian to put up a infirmary in Toronto whilst her girl. Augusta Stowe became the first female to have a Canadian medical grade ( Francis. Jones. Smith 158 ) . Industrialization caused an rush of in-migration in the urban centres taking to the acceleration of urbanisation ( Francis. Jones. Smith 137 ) . However. this rapid population growing shortly started to do jobs. These include the outgrowth of slums in extremely populated centres. deficiency of proper sanitation. impairment of wellness and the rise of prohibition evident through the figure tap houses. music halls and film built for amusement intents ( Francis. Jones. Smith 153. 155 ) . Social stratification caused physical separation between the working category and the middle/upper category countries. A batch of metropoliss became â€Å"ghettoized† . to a great extent populated and unwanted to populate in ( Francis. Jones. Smith 153 ) . Working conditions were rough and humdrum taking to a batch of grudges by workers who were subsequently on managed by brotherhoods which were formed between 1850 and 1890. The brotherhoods championed workers’ rights and work topographic point safety and security ( Francis. Jones. Smith 161 ) In decision. Industrialization and Urbanization to some extent brought a batch of prosperity to Canada and Canadians. .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .postImageUrl , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:hover , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:visited , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:active { border:0!important; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:active , .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73 .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud26add167316ead03b83130205fadd73:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jackie stared at the piece of paper with trembling hands and then back at me, her eyes danced uncontrollably with joy EssayThis was addressed by the writers in the book. Destinies: Canadian History since alliance. The writers province that industrialisation accelerated urbanisation and this in bend led to the growing of metropoliss. These became major heartlands that provided resources and goods to minor backwoodss environing them. However. due to the drastic growing of industrialisation. metropolis inhabitants experienced over population. hapless life criterions and rough working conditions that led to the impairment of their wellness and monolithic change of their life s tyles.

Business Models and Technological Innovation Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Models and Technological Innovation Management. Answer: Introduction: The business model helps the company to satisfy the needs and look after the problems of the customer with respect to the product of the company. It helps the company to gain value in the market. The performance, design, price etc. are few of the characteristics that the company needs to keep in mind before launching the product in the market. The model helps to segment the market according to the customers that the company targets with the help of different channels to make the product available in the market. The cost of the product helps the company to build a relationship with the consumers that help the brand to gain access in the market (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). The final building block illustrates the cost of delivering the value proposition that includes the resources required as well as major activities involved. The critical components of business model have been validated. On the other hand, the purpose of partnership is to make sure that the commodities offer the appeal to the target market. Certain business models necessitate the involvement of several stakeholders in order to make sense. In todays lecture, the process that deals with the clarification involves the major assumption that underpin business model. It is required to check every response in the building model canvas against several criteria that involves the fact that how an individual knows what he has written in each building block is correct. For example, the business model of Ryanair involves high volume passenger as compared to the business model of South American market (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). Reference List Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), 419-426. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389.

Bauhaus Influences on Photography and Architecture free essay sample

History of Photography Final Research Project Bauhaus: Influences on Photography and Architecture After the defeat in the First World War and the fall of the German monarchy, Germany faced darkness and lost hope in the future. Walter Gropius, a German architect, who served in the war, saw the need of re-orienting the art world for the better (Westphal, 7). One year after the First World War, 1919, Gropius opened a school in Weimar, Germany called the Bauhaus school. His intention for this school was to create a total work of art in which all arts would be brought together (Bayer, 12).He also wanted to create a â€Å"consulting art center for industry and the trades† (Bayer, 13). In his Bauhaus Manifesto, Gropius mentions that â€Å"old art schools were unable to create unity. They must once more become part of the workshop: the world of drawing and painting, of designers and handicraft-artists must at last become a building world again† (Westphal, 6). We will write a custom essay sample on Bauhaus: Influences on Photography and Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also envisioned conceiving and creating a â€Å"new building of the future† by combining architecture, painting, and sculpture (Westphal, 7). Never done before, Gropius thought it was appropriate to combine architecture with art, which would help the future of our world (Westphal, 11). Although Gropius wanted to combine architecture with art, architecture was not in the curriculum during the first couple years. The teaching method at Bauhaus was to have two teachers; an artist and a master craftsman, in each subject (Bayer, 15), which helped students gain the most experience. Most people mistaken that Bauhaus is part of the â€Å"ism†, but the truth is that different â€Å"ism† are part of the Bauhaus school. Many of the teachers at Bauhaus grew up with expressionism, cubism, surrealism, and Dadaism; therefore, the designs were influenced by these isms (Bayer, 16).Due to its highly sophisticated teachers and curriculum, the school soon raised modern artists that were familiar with science and economics, uniting creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship (Bayer, 13). The school was moved from Weimer to Dessau, Germany in 1925 with a new director, Hannes Meyer. By this time, new generations of teachers had been trained with creativ e art, craftsmanship, and industrial design, that the dual teacher system could be abandoned (Bayer, 13). New curriculums were also put in: steel furniture, modern textiles, dishes, lamps, modern typography, layout, architecture, city and regional planning (Bayer, 16). Bauhaus style, or free style, was becoming more prominent in the art world. The school was moved once more from Dessau to Berlin, Germany in 1930, with another new director, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Westphal, 11). When students first started at the Bauhaus school, they would go through a series of preliminary courses followed by workshop training courses until they received their Bauhaus diploma (Westphal, 40).The preliminary course teachers included Johannes Itten, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, and Oskar Schlemmer. Itten taught artistic form, handicrafts and technical skills, and in social and human concerns (Westphal, 40). He also wanted to help students free their creative powers, by giving them experience and knowledge (Westphal, 41). Maholy-Nagy taught the structure of objects and the identification of their basic characteristics: geometric forms, ratios and measurements, structure, texture, light, contrasts, and variations (Westphal, 46).Moholy-Nagy emphasized on the relationship between form and function, which he believed it will help the students’ distinguish between objects (Westphal, 47). Specifically, his course taught the study and construction of designs, experimenting with light, blueprints for typography, and experiments in film and photography (Westphal, 49). His experimental photography led to producing one of the first photograms, film exposure without a camera. His work influenced the school broad range of experimental art photography (Westphal, 49).Josef Albers taught the studies of materials in the form of positive-negative representations. Some of his assignments were to create an impression of three-dimensionality in a two-dimensional drawing, and figurative studies drawing from nature (Westphal, 51). Wassily Kandinsky taught analytical thought process to help students understand the basic concepts of design in painting. His class included learning color, shapes, lines, composition, and characteristics (Westphal, 54). Paul Klee taught the analysis of sensory perception, picture construction, and color theory on a more intense level (Westphal, 59).He mentions that Expressionism, the strength to discover the inner strength, and science played a huge role in his curriculum (Westphal, 59). Oskar Schlemmer taught stage and costume design (Westphal, 60). After the preliminary courses, students would have the opportunity to eight workshops: furniture, metal, print and advertizing, photography, theatre, wall painting, ceramics, and weaving (Westphal, 73). These courses prepared students to acquire solid craft skills. Also, just like the preliminary courses, the workshop would be an in-depth learning and experience of each subject.The photography department was under Walter Peterhans in 1929. Photography was initially only used for catalogue illustrations for advertising (Moholy-Nagy, 134). With Moholy-Nagy’s enthusiasm in photography, he was able to bring respect to the Bauhaus school. Moholy-Nagy also suggested the term â€Å"language of light†, which is still used today. Bauhaus supported students to be experimental and pushed students to interpret their inner feeling. The department also offered a comprehensive program that gave students every opportunity to learn their profession as photographers. The department educated many photographers including Herbert Bayer, Lucia Moholy, Otto Umbehr, Florence Henri, Erich Consemueller, and Lux Feininger (Westphal, 111). On the other hand, the architecture department did not bloom until 10 years after the opening of the Bauhaus school. This was due to the lack of knowledge in architecture in society; architects back then were simply technical drafters. The different architectural visions of the three directors did not help the unity of the architecture department either. Gropius wanted unity with architecture and art.Meyer wanted functionality, and Mies wanted aesthetics (Kentgens-Craig, 108). But once the department started, it caught up with the other department quickly. The department’s aim is similar to what Gropius wrote in his Bauhaus Manifesto; to create a building in which the various arts and handicrafts would unite to produce a Gasamtkunstwerk: total work of art (Kentgens-Craig 145). In 1933, the Bauhaus school was forced to close by the Nazi regime. After the school closed down, Moholy-Nagy immigrated to the United States to continue the Bauhaus school (Kentgens-Craig, 163).In 1937, after an invitation to Chicago’s Association of Art and Industry, he decided to open his school, New Bauhaus, in Chicago (Institute). After a brief closure due to financial problems, Moholy-Nagy reopened the school as the Chicago School of Design (Moholy-Nagy, 170). In 1944, the school became the Institute of Design, and in 1949, it became part of Illinois Institute of Technology (Institute). Although there were some struggles, the Bauhaus school and New Bauhaus succeeded in producing many famous photographers and architects. Faculty of the New Bauhaus included Harry Callahan, Gyorgy Kepes, Arthur Siegel, Aaron Siskind, Ralph Rapson, Konrad Wachsmann, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (Kentgens-Craig, 138). Alumni include Richard Nickel, Louis Sauer, Alfred Arndt, and Fred Forbat (Institute). It is apparent that both of the Bauhaus schools were very influential to today’s photography and architecture world. Although different forms of visual subject, one thing that is similar between photography and architecture is that they are both questioned if they are art.Critics have written numerous articles debating if these two accepted as art, or if they are simply a mechanical way of documenting and producing. Also, they think that camera will do all the work and the photographer is there to do some manipulation. For example, WWII photographers took images in the battlefield, sent them to the studio, and the labs developed the film and printed the photos. Also in architecture, critics have always questioned if architecture is art or solely an engineering mechanism.To defend, the Bauhaus school exemplifies that photography and architecture are indeed art. As stated before, the preliminary courses that students go through are artists process such as painting, color study, space, rhythm, etc, which are highly connected to art. Learning the basic art expanded the students’ horizon in art, which they were able to use the knowledge in their photography and architecture. The Bauhaus school’s methods were interesting in fostering traditional modes of art making. Learning the basics of design created a strong foundation for designers.This method applies to architects and photographers, both groups struggle with issues of rhythm, color, or viewpoint. This learning process heavily influenced the architects and photographers work since importance was placed on treating their work as art. For architects this meant a rethinking of materials and form, which caused the iconic image of Bauhaus buildings. And for photography it meant that photographs were no longer purely documentary but instead could produce artwork. The Bauhaus intended to make architecture that was art.Yet even today the definition of art and the classification of architecture are still unclear. In an interview with architect, Renzo Piano, he was asked a question of â€Å"Is architecture ‘art’? † His answer was, â€Å"Yes, architecture is art. It is the most contaminated art. If youre a bad writer, people wont read your book. If youre a bad musician, they will ignore your music. If youre a bad architect, the city has to live with your work for a very long time (Friend). Bibliography Westphal, Uwe. The Bauhaus. New York: Gallery Books. 1991. Print Bayer, Herbert Gropius, Walter, and Gropius, Ise.

Reservoir Dogs Essays (633 words) - Concept Albums, Feces

Reservoir Dogs Essays (633 words) - Concept Albums, Feces Reservoir Dogs Gangsters, violence, murder and corruption !!!!! If these are some of the things that you're into, then this is your kind of movie. Be ready to watch it more than once to be sure to get all the movie has to offer because it jumps from subject to subject and can be a little confusing. The movie on the whole was really great. It was filled with some pretty gory scenes and extreme violent content, Tarantinos' trademark. The way he portrays the real life aspects of crime and violence are unbelievable. I wonder if he experienced some of these things himself and that's why he has a realistic view of them. Then again, I can't really gauge how realistic any of these themes are because after watching this kind of movie it makes me feel like I lead a really sheltered lifestyle. Why does all the violence in Tarantinos' movies become so attractive to us normal people? I think it's because most of his material is underworld stuff. He deals with things we can barely relate to. Topics that are so far fetched to a "normal" person that they kind of hypnotize us into watching. Things happen in his movies that are so bizarre, we can't begin to imagine them happening to us in real life. The weird part is, many of these things DO happen every day. We all know there really are gangsters, mobsters and really low-life people that involve themselves in what we think of as underworld crime. Drug deals.... on a level so great... amounts we can't begin to comprehend. Murders, for whatever reason. Even the thought of hiring someone to kill someone else gives us a goose bump or three. In his movies it's almost like borrowing a cup of sugar from your next door neighbor. Chopping off someone's ear would repulse me and probably make me want to spew my lunch. Tarantinos' characters chop off ears then talk into them as if they were using ma bell. His characters attitudes are totally ruthless. They could give a shit if you were the cousin of the president or a nanny. They have a job to do and they do it. No holes barred, no questions asked, no thought given to actions or consequences. They are almost like robots, zombies of the underworld that have no emotions or respect for the value of life. You would think these characters are drugged or brainwashed, but they're not. It amazes me that people do this kind of shit as if it were just another day. It's as second nature to them as brushing our teeth every morning is to us. Belonging. Everyone likes to feel like they fit in. There is a certain comfort level in belonging to something, anything. Even if it is to a gang of criminal types. I think that's another reason we all relate or get captured by viewing these kinds of movies. I can only compare it to a fraternity; fraternity brothers all belong to an organized group. They have similar interests, goals and acquaintances. All Tarantinos' characters have these things in common. Although they aren't exactly what we would consider acceptable, they all still feel this common bond. It's a sick kind of thing though. When you think of all the things life has to offer, why would you want to involve yourself in all this complicated criminal shit? They jeopardize their own existence because even though they are considered members of the organization, they would snuff each other out in the blink of an eye if the right person told them to do it !!!! I have to admit I was totally awed by his movie. I couldn't wait for the next scene to start. As a movie maker, his ideas and the way he presents them are phenomenal. He definitely captures his viewers. You don't even want to blink for fear of missing something. I would like to see him do a movie about topics that aren't so bizarre just to see if the movies would be as good.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Economics - Essay Example For example: a company that has an ice cream machine that usually produces 40 boxes of 1 pint of ice cream a day was able to produce as much as 80 boxes of 1 pint of ice cream a day by cutting on ‘down-time’ due to machine breakdown caused by lack of machine maintenance. It could also refer to the application of a special device in a machine in order to enhance its speed and therefore increase the volume of production. Another way is to maximize the use of manpower by establishing a short and clear chain of command within the business organization. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the incidence of employing too much unnecessary employee in the crowd. In order to achieve economies of scale, a good management is essential. Basically, it is the managers and supervisors who suggests and/or make critical decisions in order to maximize the daily fixed costs (such as labour costs and over-time pay and electricity costs) of the company. These are also the same group of people who are responsible in cutting down the number of ‘rejections’ in a production line. Minimizing the number of ‘rejections’ can indirectly increase the company’s profitability by ‘cutting down the unnecessary opportunity losses’ and ‘prevent avoidable expenses’ on the part of the company. Q.2 Explain how changes in the equilibrium price and quantity are influenced by the elasticity of demand and supply. Explain the difference between a shortage and a surplus and discuss why either might occur. Basically, the market equilibrium price and quantity is the point where the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded. The said equilibrium point changes when there is an imbalance between the demand and supply. For example: if the demand for a certain goods is above the supply, the price of goods will automatically go up to a certain point where a new equilibrium point will be created. Likewise, if the supply